Analyzing diagnostic infrastructure and capacity building needs for effective rabies control strategies in selected districts of Uganda

Abstract

Rabies remains a significant public health concern in Uganda, particularly in rural districts where the disease is often underreported and inadequately managed. This study aims to assess the management and control strategies of rabies in selected districts of Uganda, with a specific focus on evaluating the diagnostic infrastructure and identifying capacity-building needs within district veterinary laboratories. Through a comprehensive analysis involving 42 key informant interviews with veterinary practitioners, laboratory technologists and nurses; 8 focus group discussions with veterinary para-professionals and a direct observation of laboratory facilities, the findings reveal significant disparities in the availability and functionality of veterinary laboratories, with Masaka and Arua exhibiting relatively well-established facilities, while Kyegegwa lacks any veterinary laboratories entirely. Soroti has a partially functional laboratory. The study also identifies key challenges, including gaps in diagnostic capabilities, resource limitations, and the need for enhanced training programs elaborated by participants with quotes such as “Inadequate facilities…”, “Limited understanding of procedures..”, “Collecting samples is risky...”, “More training is needed..”. The study underscores the critical importance of strengthening diagnostic infrastructure and capacity building in district veterinary laboratories to improve rabies management and control efforts. The findings advocate for Implementing comprehensive on job training programs for veterinary personnel in all districts, with a focus on proper sample collection techniques, testing procedures, and improvement and maintenance of diagnostic equipment including creating awareness among the community and increasing their level of knowledge about rabies in order to increase reporting and improve the management of rabies.