The influence of poverty on the academic performance of students within the School of Education of Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

This study examines the influence of poverty on the academic performance of students within the School of Education at Makerere University, Uganda. The research aims to identify the relationship between poverty and students’ academic performance, to compare the performances of underprivileged and wealthy learners and to provide possible solutions for enhancing the academic achievement of the School of Education’s students. The study population consisted of second-year students in the aforementioned school at Makerere University. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, 125 questionnaires were distributed and face-to-face interviews and focused group discussions were held; the interviews were conducted with five key informants and eighteen interviewees. Using the capability approach, the investigation found a significant positive relationship between poverty and students’ academic performance and a significant negative association between the performance of underprivileged students and their wealthier counterparts. Regarding the relationship between economic factors and academic achievement, most of the participants who performed poorly in previous semesters had families with a monthly income that was below 200,000 UGX, received below 100,000 UGX a month, spent less than 3,000 UGX a day on food and faced challenges in terms of their accommodation and access to medication. Essentially, disadvantaged students have varying needs and thus require different amounts of resources to achieve the same standard of living as more financially secure learners. Moreover, poverty-related factors, particularly having insufficient money to cover the socioeconomic needs, shaped the students’ academic performances. Finally, there is a negative relationship between the solutions to the challenges, challenges and their academic performance. The government of Uganda and Makerere University are advised to minimise tuition fees, offer meals for vulnerable students and facilitate adequate access to financial funding and loan.