Prevalence and Factors associated with Hyperglycaemia among Youth (15-24 years) on Dolutegravir attending selected HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

Background: Noncommunicable diseases are increasingly causing higher mortality and morbidity among HIV patients due to extended lifespan, drug effects and unhealthy lifestyles. Dolutegravir is linked to adverse effects like hyperglycemia. Though studied in older populations, the prevalence, and correlates of hyperglycaemia among youth remain understudied. We aimed to assess the prevalence of hyperglycemia and determinants among youth attending specific HIV clinics in Kampala. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 youth aged 15 to 24, visiting Kiswa and Kisenyi clinics. Quantitative data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire adopted from the WHO Steps survey tool, administered through Kobo Toolbox software. Data was cleaned in Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 15.0. Modified Poisson regression was conducted to identify associations between independent factors and hyperglycemia. Data was presented using tables, means, proportions, and pie charts. Results: Among the 384 participants, 72.4% were females, averaging 20.6±3.0 years old. Half had lived with HIV for a maximum of 5 years. Vigorous physical exercise was reported by 25.8%, while 64.1% engaged in moderate physical exercise. 82.6% reported consuming 2 or more servings of fruits weekly, and 79.2% consumed vegetables. Hyperglycemia prevalence was 23.3%. Male gender (APR=0.42, C. I=0.21-0.85, p=0.016) correlated with reduced hyperglycemia prevalence. Conversely, recent hypertension treatment (APR=1.66, C. I=1.03-2.68, p=0.039) was associated with increased hyperglycemia prevalence. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of hyperglycemia among youth. Males showed a lower risk, those on recent hypertension treatment exhibited higher risk. There is need for lifestyle education, regular screening, and close monitoring of dolutegravir-treated youth.