Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) Collections: Recent submissions
Now showing items 21-40 of 105
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Impact of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma in resource-rich and resource-limited settings
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2012)Purpose of review Given the recent availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings and the significant burden exacted by Kaposi’s sarcoma in these areas, we reviewed data regarding the impact of ... -
Evaluation of portable point-of-care CD4 counter with high sensitivity for detecting patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy
(Public Library of Science, 2012-04-19)Background: Accurate, inexpensive point-of-care CD4+ T cell testing technologies are needed that can deliver CD4+ T cell results at lower level health centers or community outreach voluntary counseling and testing. We ... -
In reply to `Empirical tuberculosis treatment or improved diagnostics?'
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012-02-16)We read the article by Lawn and colleagues with great interest. Atypical presentation and limited diagnostic capability in resource-limited settings lead to delays in treatment that could contribute to high rates of ... -
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda assessed by multiple methods a prospective cohort study
(Adis, 2012-10)Background: The effectiveness of traditional adherence measurements used in adolescent populations isdifficult to assess. Antiretroviral (ARV) adherence research among adolescents living with HIV in resourceconstrained ... -
Rifampicin for continuation phase tuberculosis treatment in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2012-06)Background: In Uganda, isoniazid plus ethambutol is used for 6 months (6HE) during the continuation treatment phase of new tuberculosis (TB) cases. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using isoniazid ... -
Clinical spectrum, risk factors and outcome of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection
(International Medical Press, 2012)BACKGROUND: Here, we aimed to determine the clinical spectrum, predictors and outcomes of paradoxical tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: In a ... -
Chest radiographic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely immunocompromised patients with the human immunodeficiency virus
(The British Institute of Radiology, 2012-06)Objective: We describe chest radiograph (CXR) findings in a population with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) in order to identify radiological features associated with TB; to ... -
Bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot for diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV infected patients
(Public Library of Science, 2012-06-26)Background: Peripheral blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, assessment of local immune responses has been ... -
Urban movement and alcohol intake strongly predict defaulting from tuberculosis treatment: an operational study
(Public Library of Science, 2012-05-02)Background:High levels of defaulting from treatment challenge tuberculosis control in many African cities. We assessed defaulting from tuberculosis treatment in an African urban setting. Methods: An observational study ... -
Significant pharmacokinetic interactions between artemether/lumefantrine and efavirenz or nevirapine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults
(Oxford University Press, 2012)Objectives: Co-administration of artemether/lumefantrine with antiretroviral therapy has potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. We investigated drug–drug interactions between artemether/lumefantrine and efavirenz ... -
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous artesunate during severe malaria treatment in Ugandan adults
(BioMed Central, 2012-04-27)Background: Severe malaria is a medical emergency with high mortality. Prompt achievement of therapeutic concentrations of highly effective anti-malarial drugs reduces the risk of death. The aim of this study was to assess ... -
Comments on: predictors of immune recovery and the association with late mortalty while on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia.
(Elsevier, 2012)We read with great interest the article by van Griensven and Thai, who report on the risk factors for late mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a cohort of 2840 patients in Cambodia. The main risk ... -
Integration of HIV and TB services results in improved TB treatment outcomes and earlier prioritized ART initiation in a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2012-06-01)Background: The World Health Organization recommends that treatment of tuberculosis ... -
Incremental yield of serial sputum cultures for diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV infected smear negative pulmonary TB suspects in Kampala, Uganda
(PLoS ONE, 2012-05-22)Background: Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Although mostly used for research, culture is recommended by the World Health Organization for TB diagnosis among HIV infected ... -
Clinical features and serum biomarkers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective cohort study
(PLoS Medicine, 2010)Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival in persons with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and AIDS, ART frequently elicits HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), an exaggerated and ... -
Integrating cryptococcal antigen screening andpPre-emptive treatment into routine HIV care
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2012-04-15)Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of death in AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) can be detected weeks before onset of symptoms, and those who are asymptomatic but CRAG positive have ... -
Using a clinic based creativity initiative to reduce HIV related stigma at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
(African Health Sciences, 2012-06-02)Background: Stigma has been associated with chronic health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis, Mental illness and Epilepsy. Different forms of stigma have been identified: enacted stigma, perceived stigma, ... -
Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drug varies with formulation in the target population of children with HIV-1
(Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Nature Publishing Group), 2012-02-21)The bioequivalence of formulations is usually evaluated in healthy adult volunteers. In our study in 19 HIV-1-infected Ugandan children (1.8–4 years of age, weight 12 to <15 kg) receiving zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir ... -
Lopinavir/ritonavir significantly influences pharmacokinetic exposure of artemether/lumefantrine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults
(Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2012-02-08)Background: Treatment of HIV/malaria-coinfected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and artemisininbased combination therapy has potential for drug interactions. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of artemether, ... -
Effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine plus efavirenz in Ugandan adults
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012-02-20)We investigated the effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of a proprietary fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine/efavirenz. Fifteen Ugandan HIV-1 ...