Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) Collections: Recent submissions
Now showing items 41-60 of 119
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Chest radiographic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely immunocompromised patients with the human immunodeficiency virus
(The British Institute of Radiology, 2012-06)Objective: We describe chest radiograph (CXR) findings in a population with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) in order to identify radiological features associated with TB; to ... -
Bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot for diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV infected patients
(Public Library of Science, 2012-06-26)Background: Peripheral blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, assessment of local immune responses has been ... -
Urban movement and alcohol intake strongly predict defaulting from tuberculosis treatment: an operational study
(Public Library of Science, 2012-05-02)Background:High levels of defaulting from treatment challenge tuberculosis control in many African cities. We assessed defaulting from tuberculosis treatment in an African urban setting. Methods: An observational study ... -
Significant pharmacokinetic interactions between artemether/lumefantrine and efavirenz or nevirapine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults
(Oxford University Press, 2012)Objectives: Co-administration of artemether/lumefantrine with antiretroviral therapy has potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. We investigated drug–drug interactions between artemether/lumefantrine and efavirenz ... -
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous artesunate during severe malaria treatment in Ugandan adults
(BioMed Central, 2012-04-27)Background: Severe malaria is a medical emergency with high mortality. Prompt achievement of therapeutic concentrations of highly effective anti-malarial drugs reduces the risk of death. The aim of this study was to assess ... -
Comments on: predictors of immune recovery and the association with late mortalty while on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia.
(Elsevier, 2012)We read with great interest the article by van Griensven and Thai, who report on the risk factors for late mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a cohort of 2840 patients in Cambodia. The main risk ... -
Integration of HIV and TB services results in improved TB treatment outcomes and earlier prioritized ART initiation in a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2012-06-01)Background: The World Health Organization recommends that treatment of tuberculosis ... -
Incremental yield of serial sputum cultures for diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV infected smear negative pulmonary TB suspects in Kampala, Uganda
(PLoS ONE, 2012-05-22)Background: Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Although mostly used for research, culture is recommended by the World Health Organization for TB diagnosis among HIV infected ... -
Clinical features and serum biomarkers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective cohort study
(PLoS Medicine, 2010)Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival in persons with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and AIDS, ART frequently elicits HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), an exaggerated and ... -
Integrating cryptococcal antigen screening andpPre-emptive treatment into routine HIV care
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2012-04-15)Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of death in AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) can be detected weeks before onset of symptoms, and those who are asymptomatic but CRAG positive have ... -
Using a clinic based creativity initiative to reduce HIV related stigma at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
(African Health Sciences, 2012-06-02)Background: Stigma has been associated with chronic health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis, Mental illness and Epilepsy. Different forms of stigma have been identified: enacted stigma, perceived stigma, ... -
Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drug varies with formulation in the target population of children with HIV-1
(Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Nature Publishing Group), 2012-02-21)The bioequivalence of formulations is usually evaluated in healthy adult volunteers. In our study in 19 HIV-1-infected Ugandan children (1.8–4 years of age, weight 12 to <15 kg) receiving zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir ... -
Lopinavir/ritonavir significantly influences pharmacokinetic exposure of artemether/lumefantrine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults
(Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2012-02-08)Background: Treatment of HIV/malaria-coinfected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and artemisininbased combination therapy has potential for drug interactions. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of artemether, ... -
Effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine plus efavirenz in Ugandan adults
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012-02-20)We investigated the effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of a proprietary fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine/efavirenz. Fifteen Ugandan HIV-1 ... -
Medical male circumcision for HIV/AIDS prevention in Uganda: the cost of disposable versus re-usable circumcision kits
(Tropical Doctor, 2012-01-01)We evaluated the cost implications of medical male circumcisions for HIV prevention when performed using re-usable equipment that is sterilized after each use versus using single-use disposal kits. In Uganda, a re-usable ... -
A Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a board game on patients' knowledge uptake of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
(JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2012-03-01)Background: As the number of HIV infections continues to rise, the search for effective health education strategies must intensify. A new educational board game was developed to increase HIV peoples' attention and knowledge ... -
An Autopsy Study Describing Causes of Death and Comparing Clinico-Pathological Findings among Hospitalized Patients in Kampala, Uganda
(PLoS ONE, 2012-03-14)Background: Information on causes of death in HIV-infected patients in Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly derived from observational cohort and verbal autopsy studies. Autopsy is the gold standard to ascertain cause of death. ... -
Prevalence and factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia among severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
(Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012-03-14)Background: Cryptococcal infection is a common opportunistic infection among severely immunosuppressed HIV patients and is associated with high mortality. Positive cryptococcal antigenemia is an independent predictor of ... -
The epidemiology and clinical correlates of HIV-1 co-receptor tropism in non-subtype B infections from India, Uganda and South Africa
(Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012-01-26)Background: The introduction of C-C chemokine receptor type-5 (CCR5) antagonists as antiretroviral therapy has led to the need to study HIV co-receptor tropism in different HIV-1 subtypes and geographical locations. This ... -
Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretroviral drugs and herbal medicines
(British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2012-03-13)